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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">journal</journal-id>

      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Вестник Объединенного института высоких температур</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Вестник ОИВТ РАН</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2658-669X</issn>

      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ОИВТ РАН</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">190</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Процессы атмосферного электричества</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>
            Atmospheric electricity processes
          </trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Смирнов</surname>
              <given-names>Борис Михайлович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Smirnov</surname>
              <given-names>B.M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="id1">ОИВТ РАН</xref>
        </contrib>

      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="id1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <label>ОИВТ РАН</label>
          <institution>Объединенный институт высоких температур РАН (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва, Россия</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <label>JIHT RAS</label>
          <institution>Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>

      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>9</fpage>
      <lpage>15</lpage>

      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Представлена физическая картина формирования атмосферного электричества,  mbox{которая} начинается с созданной столетие назад концепции глобальной электрической цепи.  mbox{Основное} внимание в электрическом балансе Земли уделяется ее зарядке, которая формируется в кучевых облаках и осуществляется в результате движения заряженных микрокапель воды под действием гравитационного поля Земли. Образование микрокапель воды в перенасыщенном водяном паре происходит одновременно с зарядкой микрокапель, которые неравномерно распределены в пространстве и заряжаются при прохождении через зону ионизации, образуемой в области прохождения ядерной реакции с участием космической частицы и ядра азота или кисло -рода. Приведены численные параметры для рассматриваемых электрических свойств и процессов.</p>
      </abstract>

      <abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary">
        <p>The physical picture of generation of atmospheric electricity is presented, which begins with the concept of the global electric circuit created a century ago. The main attention in the electrical balance of the Earth is paid to its charging, which is formed in cumulus clouds and is carried out as a result of the movement of charged water microdroplets under the action of the Earth&apos;s gravitational field. Formation of water microdroplets in a supersaturated water vapor occurs simultaneously with the charging of microdroplets, which are uniformly distributed in a space. Water microdroplets  are charged when passing through the ionization zone formed in the area of a nuclear reaction involving a cosmic particle and a nitrogen or oxygen nucleus. Numerical parameters for the considered electrical properties and processes are given.</p>
      </abstract>

      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords" xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>атмосферное электричество</kwd>
        <kwd>космические лучи</kwd>
        <kwd>рост микрокапель воды</kwd>
        <kwd>зарядка микрокапель воды</kwd>
        <kwd>кучевые облака</kwd>
        <kwd>грозовые процессы</kwd>
        <kwd>молния</kwd>
        <kwd>зарядка Земли</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords" xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>atmospheric electricity</kwd>
        <kwd>cosmic rays</kwd>
        <kwd>growth of water microdroplets</kwd>
        <kwd>charging of of water microdroplets</kwd>
        <kwd>cumulus clouds</kwd>
        <kwd>thunderstorm processes</kwd>
        <kwd>lightning</kwd>
        <kwd>Earth&apos;s charging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

    </article-meta>
  </front>
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