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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">journal</journal-id>

      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Вестник Объединенного института высоких температур</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Вестник ОИВТ РАН</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2658-669X</issn>

      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ОИВТ РАН</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">74</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>К проблеме снижения выбросов $CO_{2}$ в атмосферу</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>
            The problem of reducing $CO_{2}$ emissions
          </trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname></surname>
              <given-names> </given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Gordin</surname>
              <given-names>K.A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="id1">ОИВТ РАН</xref>
        </contrib>

        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname></surname>
              <given-names> </given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zeigarnik</surname>
              <given-names>Yu.A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="id2">ОИВТ РАН</xref>
        </contrib>

      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="id1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <label>ОИВТ РАН</label>
          <institution>Объединенный институт высоких температур РАН (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва, Россия</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <label>JIHT RAS</label>
          <institution>Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="id2">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <label>ОИВТ РАН</label>
          <institution>Объединенный институт высоких температур РАН (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          <addr-line>Москва, Россия</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <label>JIHT RAS</label>
          <institution>Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          <addr-line>Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2020-01-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>

      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>53</fpage>
      <lpage>59</lpage>

      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье рассматриваются проблемы предотвращения вредных выбросов в атмосферу, влияющих на изменение климата на Земле. На примере европейских стран анализируются различные решения использования экономических инструментов, способствующих противодействию изменения климата. При отсутствии продуманной системы введения налога за выбросы углекислого газа (углеродный налог), предлагаемые в разных странах величины налогов отличаются на порядок. Схемы торговли квотами на выбросы парниковых газов в Европейском союзе неоднократно менялись, не были эффективными и до настоящего времени эта система окончательно не выбрана. Показывается, что введение штрафных санкций в отдельных странах не имеет смысла, так как не решает глобальной проблемы, но существенно ухудшает экономику этих стран. Введение их в подавляющем большинстве стран приведет к изъятию из экономики огромных средств, якобы предназначенных для реализации экологически чистых технологий. Однако реальные возможности реализации таких технологий (если они имеются) требуют существенно меньших затрат, соответствующих естественным потребностям (не ломать же действующие электростанции). Сформулированы три основных направления, позволяющие существенно сократить выбросы $CO_{2}$ в атмосферу. Дается критический анализ предлагаемых основных направлений снижения выбросов $CO_{2}$: реализация возобновляемых источников энергии и создание энергетических технологий на органическом топливе с секвестированием $CO_{2}$.</p>
      </abstract>

      <abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary">
        <p>The article discusses the problems of preventing noxious emissions that affect climate change on Earth. Through the example of European countries, various solutions involving economic instruments that contribute to preventing climate change are analyzed. Without a circumspect system for introducing a tax on carbon dioxide emissions, the tax rates proposed in different countries ranging by an order of magnitude. The greenhouse gas emissions trading system in the European Union has repeatedly changed. The practical system has not been finally selected so far. It is shown that the introduction of penalties in individual countries gives unsatisfying results, since it does not solve the global problem, but significantly degrades the economies of these countries. Their introduction in majority of countries will lead to the enormous funds, purport to do the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies, withdrawn from the economy. However, the real possibilities (if any) of implementing such technologies require substantially lower costs, corresponding to natural needs (for us don’t break the existing power plants). The remaining considerable amounts would be either inefficiently spent or stolen. Three main directions have been suggested that can lead to massive reduction of $CO_{2}$ emissions. A critical analysis of the proposed main directions of reducing $CO_{2}$ emissions is provided: that is the implementation of renewable energy sources and the development of energy supply concepts using fossil fuels with sequestration of $CO_{2}$.</p>
      </abstract>

      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords" xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>изменение климата</kwd>
        <kwd>сокращение выбросов</kwd>
        <kwd>углекислый газ</kwd>
        <kwd>технологии секвестирования</kwd>
        <kwd>энергетическая эффективность</kwd>
        <kwd>углеродный налог</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords" xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>climate change</kwd>
        <kwd>emission reduction</kwd>
        <kwd>carbon dioxide</kwd>
        <kwd>CCS technologies</kwd>
        <kwd>energy efficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>carbon tax</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

    </article-meta>
  </front>
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